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您的位置:醫(yī)學教育網(wǎng) > 醫(yī)學百科類 > 中藥 > 正文

麥門冬化學成分

2012-08-28 10:48 醫(yī)學教育網(wǎng)
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麥門冬-藥用

麥冬塊根含多種糖甙:甙元為羅斯考皂甙元(ruscogenin)的有麥冬皂甙(ophiopogonin)B、D;甙元為(22S,24S,25S)-23-24-二羥基羅斯考皂甙元[(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-dihydroxyruscogenin]的有(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-二羥基羅斯考皂甙元-1 -O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙-24-O-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖甙{(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-dihydroxyruscogenin-1-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside-24-O-β-D-fucopyranoside},(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-二羥基羅斯考皂元-1-O-[α-L-2,3,4-三-O-乙?;拎罄钐腔?→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙-24-O-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖甙{(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-dihydroxyruscogenin-1-O-[α-L-2,3,4-tri-O-cetylrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside-24-O-β-D-fucopyranoside},(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-二羥基羅斯考皂甙元-1-O-[α-L-4-O-乙酰基吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙-24-O-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖甙{(23S,24S,25S)-23,24-dihydroxyruscogenin-1-O-[α-L-4-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside-24-O-β-D-fucopyranoside};甙元為薯蕷皂甙元(diosgenin)的有麥冬皂甙D',薯蕷皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-(3-O-乙?;?β-D-吡喃木糖基 (1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甙{diosgenin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-(3-O-acetyl)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside},薯蕷皂甙元-3-O-[(2-O-乙?;?α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙{diosgenin-3-O-[(2-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside};甙元為麥冬甙元(ophiogenin)的有麥冬甙元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[ophioge-nin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside];甙元為龍腦(borneol)的有左旋的龍腦-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(borneol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),左旋的龍腦-2-O-β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[borneol-2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside],龍腦-2-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[borneol-2-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside]。

又含高異類黃酮(homoisoflavonoid)成分:甲基麥冬黃烷酮(methylophiopogonanone)A、B,麥冬黃烷酮(ophiopogonanone)A、B,6-醛基異麥冬黃烷酮(6-aldehydo-7-O-methylisoophiopogonanone)A、B,6-醛基異麥冬黃酮(6-aldehydoisoophiopogonone)A、B,麥冬黃酮(ophiopogone)A,去甲基異麥冬黃酮(desmethylisoophiopogonone)B,5,7,2'-三羥基-6-甲基-3-(3',4'-亞甲二氧基芐基)色酮[5,7,2'-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3',4'-methylenedioxybenzyl)chromone],5,7,2'-三羥基-8-甲基-3-(3',4'-亞甲二氧基芐基)色酮[5,7,2'-trihydroxy-8-methyl-3-(3',4'-methylenedioxybenzyl)chromone],消旋的5-羥基-7,8-二甲氧基-6-甲基-3(3',4'-二羥基芐基)色滿酮[5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chromanone]。還含羅斯考皂甙元-1-O-硫酸酯(ruscogenin-1-O-sulfate),硫酸龍腦鈣(calcium bornyl sulfate),麥冬甙元,丙三醇(glycerol),N-[β-羥基-β-(4-羥基)苯)乙基-4-羥基桂皮酰胺]{N-[β-hydroxy-β-(4-hydroxy)phenyl]ethyl-4-hydroxy cinnamide}以及β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol), β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)等。另含揮發(fā)油,從中分得長葉烯(longifolene),α-和β-廣藿香烯(patchoulene),香附子烯(cyperene),愈創(chuàng)薁醇(guaiol),α-葎草烯(α-humulene),樟腦(camphor),芳樟醇(linalool),4-松油醇(terpinen-4-ol),4-羥基茉莉酮(jasmololone)等成分。又含鉀、鈉、鈣、鎂、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鉻、鉛、鎳、鋇、鋅等28種無機元素。同科植物湖北麥門冬塊要含多種甾體甙類成分:β-谷甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside),豆甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(stigmasteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside),菜油甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(campesteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside),(25S)-羅斯考皂甙元1-O-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[(25S)-ruscogenin 1-O-β-D-fucopyranosido -3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside],(25S)-羅斯考皂甙元1-O-β-D-吡喃木糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[(25S)-ruscogenin 1-O-β-D-xylopyranosido-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside],(25S)-羅斯考皂甙元1-O-[(2-O-乙?;?α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖甙{(25S)-ruscogenin 1-O-[(2-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-fucopyranoside},(25S)-羅斯考皂甙元1-O-[(3-O-乙?;?α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃巖藻糖甙{(25S)-rucosgenin 1-O-[(3-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside},雅姆皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)][β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙{yamogenin3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside},(25S)-羅斯考皂甙元1-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖甙[(25S)-ruscogenin 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranoside]。根含1-正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖甙(1-n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside),焦谷氨酸(L-pyroglutamic acid),腺甙(adenosine)。

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