“全國醫(yī)學博士外語考試：完形填空五種邏輯關系”相信是很多準備全國醫(yī)學博士外語考試的朋友比較關注的事情，為此，醫(yī)學教育網小編整理內容如下：

填空中的五大邏輯關系。

在完形填空的解題中，我們要學會把握全文，不能將每一個空看成一個獨立的個體。完形中主要考察的五大邏輯關系為：對立關系、因果關系、并列關系、總分關系和遞進關系。

對立關系

包括讓步和轉折關系，常見的標志詞和短語：but，however，yet，on the contrary，by contrast，unfortunately，although，even though，nevertheless，in spite of，regardless of，anyhow，instead of，rather than，not…but等。

例題：

He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.

[A]other thanas well as[C]instead of[D]more than

答案：C

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷?？涨?ldquo;儲存了大量糧食”與空后“消耗所有糧食”形成對立關系，選C instead of.

因果關系

常用的標志詞和短語有：because，for，since，as，thus，hence，therefore，so，so…that，such…that，in order that，consequently，accordingly，due to，thanks to，in response to，on account of，because of，considering that，seeing that，in that，now that，lest，as a result，for this reason等。

例題：

More families consist of one parent households or two working parents，___，children are likely to have less supervision at home.

[A]contrarilyconsequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously

答案：B

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷?？涨?ldquo;更多的家庭是單親家庭或雙工家庭”與空后“孩子在家很少受到監(jiān)管”之間是因果關系，故所B consequently.

并列關系

常用的標志詞和短語有：and，or，neither…nor，either…or，not only…but also，likewise，similarly，equally，in the same way，that is to say，as well as，same…as等。

例題：

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status，___ as a rejection of middle-class values.

[A]orbut rather[C]but[D]or else

答案：A

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷?？涨?ldquo;沒有成功提升社會經濟地位”與空后“排斥中產階級的價值觀”都可能是“犯罪”的原因，故空前和空后之間是并列關系，選A.

總分關系

常用的標志詞和短語有：such as，for example，for instance，to illustrate，as an illustration，to take an example，more specifically等。

例題：

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.

[A]as tofor instance[C]in particular[D]such as

答案：D

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷。空前“prominent cases”與空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的關系，總體與部分的關系，可以選for instance和such as，但for instance后面不能直接加名詞，such as后要直接加名詞，故選D such as.

遞進關系

常用的標志詞和短語有：then，besides，additionally，in addition，furthermore，moreover，what is more等。

例題：

Too often，careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension；hence，the transmission-reception system breaks down.

___，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.

[A]MoreoverHowever[C]Preliminarily[D]Unexpectedly

答案：A

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷。此空位于段首，需要考慮本段與上一段的邏輯關系，上一段提到“careless use of words”給交談帶來的障礙，空后則提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困難。前后是遞進關系，故選擇A moreover.

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